Physiological Features of Motor Coordination Formation Based on Training with Biological Feedback

Abstract

The aim of this study was to study the physiological features of the formation of balance and coordination abilities based on training with biofeedback for various parameters. The study involved 60 girls aged 18-20 years, not engaged in sports and included in the main medical group (health group 1). The difference in the results of testing carried out for the selection of participants in the three groups was insignificant. Twenty girls were trained according to a program that included a set of exercises to develop the sensitivity of the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity. Twenty girls were trained on a Stabilan 01-2 computer stabiloanalyzer using feedback for the "projection position of the center of gravity" parameter. The remaining 20 subjects studied on a HUBER apparatus using feedback for the "applied efforts" parameter. Classes were held 3 times a week for a month, 12 workouts in total. Before the start of the training course, as well as after it, the girls underwent comprehensive testing using the methods of electromyography, stabilometry, EEG, and dynamometry on the HUBER apparatus. It was found that training with biofeedback contributes to the accelerated formation of the skill of maintaining balance, allows faster development of proprioceptive sensitivity, the ability to differentiate applied efforts without the participation of a visual analyzer, as well as to improve intermuscular coordination and muscle memory. A characteristic feature of the bioelectrical activity of the lower leg muscles while maintaining static balance after training with biofeedback for the "projection position of the center of gravity" parameter is an activation of the lower leg muscles in the static mode (simultaneous activation of antagonist muscles with commensurate indicators of bioelectrical activity). At the same time, after training with biofeedback according to the "applied efforts in the position of seeking dynamic balance" parameter, the lower leg muscles are activated in a dynamic mode (with a synchronized change in periods of tension and relaxation in the antagonist muscles). There is a more pronounced effect of training with biofeedback on the EEG frequency and power characteristics in comparison with traditional training. The results also make it possible to formulate a number of practical recommendations. All the methods studied here, both with biofeedback and without biofeedback, are aimed at the formation of coordination abilities and balance; therefore, they can be used in those sports that make increased demands for these qualities. It is advisable that these methods be used at different stages of sports improvement.